| 光阴的故事 |
2008-08-28 23:25 |
行政管理专业学习资料英语-4
unit 1 ng
*%1;P Text Organization k3 l 1. One basic purpose of newspapers is: to get the news as (1)______ as possible from those (2)______ to those (3)______. 9^u?v`!
2. Other means of communication such as (1)______, (2)______, (3)______, magazines and other inventions brought competition for newspapers. But this competition merely spurred the newspapers on: to improve the (4)______ and (5)______ of their own operations; to (6) ______ into many other fields; to inform readers of the (7) ______, as well as to (8)______ and (9)______ readers politically and otherwise. [Ni4[\ 3. Most newspapers depend on (1)______ for their very existence. The ability to sell advertising depends on a newspaper's value to (2)______. This is measured in terms of (3)______, which depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department, the services or entertainment in a newspaper's pages and, for the most part, depends on a newspaper's value to readers as (4)______. c*dww 4. For one thing, commercial and technical forces made more newspapers possible, but on the other hand it also brought (1)______ and (2)______, which made it more expensive to establish new newspapers that could compete with the already established (3)______. As circulation figures grew, advertisers found it wiser to buy advertising in one paper with a wide circulation than in two or more with (4)______ circulations. Thus the leading paper in a circulation tend to become (5)______, and the weak, (6)______. oui!fTy Exercises about the Text 91H0mP>ki I. Vocabulary: !dY:S';~ Wq(l :W' 1. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions given below, changing the form where necessary. 5vft}f take place reverse merger curve overlap SFk#bh efficiency spur branch out existence circulation AwUc{h l< on the pot trend consolidation facility distribute Cc)P5\jh 1) This computer firm has ______ into selling discs and records. P0e ""9JOo 2) The largest ______ for individual newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun. cEc,eq| 3) It is easy to prove that the earth's surface is ______. 3g[j%`k 4) The new office ______ the function of one which has already existed. hNnX-^J<o 5) There are always ______ exercises after each text. ny(GTKoUz 6) Profits as well as risks are ______ among these insurance companies. vA"niO 7) The sports lottery is a means to ______ economic growth. i*CQor6|z 8) ______ your car, drive back one mile and you will find the Grand Hotel. ,.j
HV 9) Many precious plants are no longer in ______ because of the serious air pollution. Sf&?3a+f 10) What is the ______ of this year's fashion? N3gNOq& 11) All the researchers are required to make ______ investigation. !ml_S) 12) Unfortunate things ______ on her journey to Boston. =1*%>K 13) Quality and speed are the key to achieve ______. H+VO.s.a 14) This new couple tried to ______ their differences. ^r>f2 x 15) Although the university is rich in teaching ______ but poor in teaching staff. 1xO!w+J# 2. Word Building: In English many adjectives are formed by adding -y to nouns or verbs, with the meaning of "full of…", "having the feature of …", "like …", etc. j?\$G.Y For example: dUoWo3r= worth - worthy sleep - sleepy D[89*@v Now translate the following expressions into English. By?
nd) 1)玫瑰般的新娘 2)由衷的祝福 j?:`-\w5 3)健康的活动 4)喧闹的体育场 K,f* SXM 5)美味的食物 6)一个有趣的故事 _urG_~q 7)多云的天空 8)和煦的夏天 "7=bL7wM& 9)多雪的冬天 10)多雨的季节 j4;Du>obQ 11) 多风的夜晚 12)多风暴的童年 T/[f5?p II. Structure: +7V=aNRlE 1. Subjective complement exercise: complete the following sentences after studying the model. -=>sTMWpr Model: Newspapers are on the streets giving the details. r"R(}`<, 1) The artist was still heard __________yesterday evening, but now he is dead. (唱歌) :'Zx
{F` 2) 200 students were seen __________. (在街上分发科学杂志) hM?`x(P 3) He is standing there __________. (等公共汽车) <mL%P`Jj
2. Complete the following sentences with: elu=9d];@ wherever whatever whoever whomever whenever however TN5>" ??" 1) ______ something important happens, the reporters will rush to the spot to gather the news. vd`O aM}#U 2) ______ the famous actress appeared in the street, she would be crowded by fans. wTxbDT@ H5 3) I will be at your back, ______ you do in the pursuit of your study. rvwa!YY}
4) He was determined to ask for help from ______ he met first. 09'oz*v{# 5) ______ will be elected has nothing to do with me. ! D$Ooamq 6) These newspapers must struggle for their existence, ______ heavy the competition might be. b]T@g
J4H= 3. Rewrite the following sentences after studying the models. j
C)-`_ Model: Radio, telegraph, television, and other inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 4ZwKpQ
6 1) Mary was distributed to a remote place in Northwestern China. Mary's boyfriend was also distributed to a remote place in Northwestern China. X3
',vey 2) Historians couldn't stop the war. The public couldn't stop the war. E$A3|rjnoN 3) Newspapers inform you of the latest news. Radios inform you of the latest news, too. Xh
F_] III. Translation: Translate the following sentences into English. uR$i48} 1. 竞争导致了更高的效率和速度。(lead to) 1_hW#I\' 2. 事故发生后的几分钟内警察赶到了现场。(minutes after) lyv4fP 3. 报纸和杂志经济上极大地影响着读者。(politically as well as economically) [%pRfjM 4. 总体而言,发行量依赖于读者把报纸作为主要的消息渠道。(for the most part, depends on) e2cP
*J 5. 无人能逆转时代的潮流。 `\CVV*hP Grammar: The Performance of Zsx3/} "than" ;+/o?:AH Grammar: The Performance of "than" m@Rtlb 语法:"than" 的用法 @t*t+Vqw 1. conj. 比……(和形容词或副词的比较级连用) 1P(&J 1) 跟名词或代词 hA1-){aw3q The profits are more than the losses. Wwujh2g"0| The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than for us. tjT>VwqH I know you better than she (does). 36.N>G, ^-z=`>SrS" 2) 跟从句 `n5"0QRd They produced 46 per cent more plastic in 1996 than they did in 1995. e]=lKxFh&l It is easier than I thought. *^%Q0mU[ I respect you more than I can say. 29CINC The white collar workers earn more than the blue workers do. ~w8JH2O 3) 跟一个充当状语的词或词组 ABE@n%|` They arrived earlier than ever. Mj[f~ Signs of dishonesty seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past. <\kr1qHH Aren't you a little taller than when I saw you last? 0cK{ He works better with others than if he works alone. mU}F!J#6 She looks younger than she is. 34\(7JO 4) 跟其它成分(如:不定式、形容词、动词) #9K-7je;j I know better than to believe such a man. C z\Pp q It is easier to do it yourself than to explain it to her. }.s~T#v His speed of doing the work was much faster than had expected. \hCH>*x< She was more lucky than clever. 9K1oZ?)_z He is much more healthier and happier than he was ever before. S~|T4q( Nothing is more boring than listening to my mother's speech. 720D V+o 5) 与differently (different) 或 anywhere连用 T?X_c"{8M Rice is cooked differently here than in the States. Qjb:WC7he You won't find such freedom anywhere than in China. DY`kx2e! 2. 用于习惯用语 k?,1x~ else (otherwise) than 除……外 `E>1>' My mother did nothing else than smile. w 47tgPPk How else can we come other than by train? \pVXimam She could not do otherwise than love him. e7sp =I, He couldn't have behaved otherwise than he did.他只能这样做。 ):[7E(F= less than 不太;不到 s*-n^o- We were busy and less than delighted to meet visitors. *=V~YF:Qb The first steam locomotive could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. Y!nJg1 less than no time 很快 ~Vr.J}]J I can be ready to go in less than no time. V3^&oe% It took my wife less than no time to get dinner ready. x-^`~p more often than not 多数时候;相当经常 NQJq6S4@ My grandfather comes over on Sunday more often than not. zh8nc%X{ Nancy likes swimming. She wins more often than not. JB<Sl4 no more than 仅仅;只是 _`&m\Qe> It was no more than a beginning. +BETF;0D
He was no more than a shop assistant. &"&Z
#llb no more … than 和……一样不 =;Rtdy/Yn% He was not more surprised than angry. kMi/>gpQ He is not an artist than I am. Ve}(s?hU5 no other than (加强语气用)除……外没有;只有;正是;就是 Q=;U@k@> The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender. x@P y>f2 It is no other than my sister who is coming. [$0p+1 other (another) than 不同于;不是那个样子 }()5"QB The result was quite other than we had expected. i2E)P x other (another) … than 除……之外的另一个 $$|rr
G She can't speak any other language than her own. N60rgSzI Have you any dictionaries other than this? k;K)xb[w | no sooner … than 一……就…… B~ ]k#Ot) No sooner had he gone to sleep again than the telephone rang once again. .{ocV#{s No sooner were that gift unpacked than she exclaimed. e<3K;Q Nothing other than a two-year contract would satisfy the company. q*U*Fu+ rather (sooner) than 宁愿……而不愿 <'qeXgi What you need is action rather than thought. -}nxJH ) I would do anything rather than let him get hurt. QKyo
`g7 Unit 2 hBS.a6u1'd Text Organization kDEPs$^ 1. Different gestures are used to express the same idea. JSkLEa~< Supporting evidence: E
)TN,@% 1) Measuring the size of a fish N*"p|yhd] a. A ________ angler demonstrates the size of a fish by holding his two hands with palms facing each other, and the appropriate distance apart in front of him is the size of the fish. BU
WqIdg b. An angler ________ will measure off the size along his left arm with his right hand. G}:w@}h/ 2) Demonstrating the numeral "one" iI\oz&!v
H a. An Englishman ________ to indicate the numeral "one" . ruc++@J@ b. The Swiss ________. o^^rJk 3) Pointing at the objects =7w\
7-.m Some people point at objects ________ while others do by ________. kddZZA3` 4) Expressing "come here" qCljo5Tq' a. ________ holds the index finger at eye level, points upwards and flexes towards the body. A;*d}Xe&J b. ________ describes an arc away from the body towards the ground with the hand and forearm. I$<<(VWH c. ________ hold the hand at arm's length with palm downwards and flexes the fingers.
v-#Q7T 2. The natural misinterpretation of a gesture may result in disastrous consequences in that it may be considered to be precisely the opposite to that intended by those unfamiliar with it. i>D.!x Supporting evidence: =<{np Misinterpretation: European sailors swimming near a fortified coastal area in the Eastern Mediterranean 1) ______________. JBXrFC; Consequence: 2) ________ and tragic effects occurred. s$cK(S# 3. It is also possible to find examples of 1) ________, and this too may produce awkward failures of communication. Tw""}|] g Supporting evidence: It is natural for an Englishman to request his audience to be silent by 2) ______________ when he speaks publicly. However, the same gesture would 3) ______________ because it is a most insulting gesture. pi
Z[Y
5OE Exercises about the Text ^Pbk#|$rU I. Vocabulary: umiBj)r 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the following words. hWD;jR appropriate awkward effect suspicious k< y>) consequence prohibit offence indicate 4)A#2 demonstrate defense intend considerable $npT[~U5
1) Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous ________. 9{
>Ui 2) You should choose dialogues that are ________ to your teaching situation. 4lKq{X
5< 3) That is your first ________ and I am going to give you a light sentence. %-c*C $ 4) She thought about the ________ of such news upon her husband. <Bw^!.jAF 5) Nowadays people tend to be ________ of anyone who wants to sell them something cheap. OmIg<v0\; 6) He gave his life in ________ of his country. Rm255zp 7) These figures ________ why the people in this country live in such poverty. $ZugBh[b 8) The medicine did not have the ________ effect. UA48Ug 9) There was a long ________ silence between them after his angry words. <vONmE a 10) He has had ________ success in his career. ms*(9l.hOK 11) How can you ________ that the witness is lying? glM$R &/ 12) Tourist class passengers ________ from using the first-class lounge. gMWjk7 2. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions or adverbs. C8Qa$._ 1) John did pass the test; ________ the same time, he didn't know the subject very well. x4;"!Kq\ 2) People often say things in their own houses which they cannot say ________ public. x:),P-~w 3) The young man is familiar ________ English but unfamiliar ________ French. mz, 4) The result was quite opposite ________ what we had expected. &7PG.Ff!r 5) My words put him ________ his guard. ]P.'>4 6) The pupil held ________ his hand to ask the teacher a question. 9
Vkb>yFX' 7) He was invited to the master's room ________ several occasions. A
mNW0.} 8) He measured ________ six yards of material. ABQ('#78 9) The robber pointed his gun ________ me. Y w^m 10) The water rose until it was ________ a level with the banks of the river. =/s>Q l 3. Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. i,>khc 1) That face is not ________ to me, I feel that I have seen it before. (familiar) `uOT+B%R 2) An ________ flying object landed on the beach. (identify) rp3V3]EE 3) There can be no mutual understanding without ________ between people. (communicate)
1
eS&&J5 4) He ________ her silence as giving consent. (interpret) \pPY37l 5) He had not meant to offend me, but the tone of his remarks was certainly ________. (insult) &S
~zNl^m 6) A ________ fire in the city caused loss of life and money. (disaster) J1( 9QN[w II. Structure: O#ai)e_uQk 1. Rewrite the following sentences after the given models: Model: To describe gestures clearly in words is difficult, as these examples show. u_@f$ It is difficult, as these examples show, to describe gestures clearly in words. 1) To remember to turn off the lights is important. NCiW^#
b
2) To arrive there in time is impossible. e|)hG8FlF 3) To climb the mountain from the north is difficult. r(:5kC8K 4) To fill in the form at the door is necessary. <CS(c|7 2. Make sentences after the models, using "find + n. / pron. + n. / adj. / prep. / v-ed / v-ing." and the words given below: j]{_s"O Model: An Englishman, would, speaking, in public, very natural, it. X3{G:H0\p An Englishman speaking in public would find it very natural. BBaQ}{F8>2 1) I, am, afraid, me, you, find, very satisfactory. DVG(Vw 2) He, a number of, already, people, find, working. x.]i}mt 3) He, her, finds, woman, a, very, agreeable. \.0^n3y 4) I, the door, found, closed. TITKj?*o III. Translation: Translate the following sentences into English.
iJ-23_D 1.他计划再买几件衣服。(more) c?tBi9'Y] 2.甚至专家们也把那幅画认定为齐白石的真品。(take) @D.}\( 3.我的观点与他的正好相反。(the opposite) [glLre^ 4.她很少在办公室大声说话。(on … occasion) aAZZ8V 5.他真是不可救药,惩罚对他几乎毫无用处。(effect) iNWw;_|1 6.听到世贸大厦被袭击的悲惨消息,我们都感到震惊。(tragic) 6o!!=}'E[ Grammar: Pronoun $I!XSz"/e Grammar: Pronoun e|NG"< 语法:代词 ++bf#qS<8D 1.概说 1.1 定义:代词是代替名词的词。 e
h&IPU S 1.2 格的变化:代词有主格、宾格、所有格之变化。如: _- [''(E I (主格)- me(宾格)- my(所有格) ynmWW^dg who(主格)- whom(宾格)- whose(所有格) u9:`4b 1.3 功能: j>*S5y.{ a. 可作主语、宾语和表语。如: @v$Y7mw3D This is Miss Liu speaking. x[4`fM.m* That's all. 7@#>bE6 Let you and me promise that we shall always dare to do what is right. `0rd26Qr
o b. 有些代词和形容词一样,可作定语。如: NnO~dRx{ His father is a stocker. %`k
6w3qI All reactionaries are paper tigers. TvwZW!@jc Some people make more money than we teachers, but few gain as much satisfaction from their work. gwNq
x" 1.4 单复数形式:有些代词有单、复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同。如:one - ones;other - others。 (w&F/ynO: 其它如人称代词、物主代词、反身代词和指示代词,其复数形式须个别记忆。 ml2_
]3j! 1.5 有或没有冠词:代词前一般不用冠词,只有少数例外。如:the other, the others, a few, a little \%u3 2.代词的种类
vVj 2.1 人称代词(personal pronoun) ,/[6e\0~ a. 主格:I, he, she, it, we, you, they QS0:@.}$E) b. 宾格:me, him, her, it, us, you, them Q)"C&)`l 2.2 物主代词(possessive pronoun) 0fc/wfv< a. 形容词性物主代词:my, his, her, its, our, your, their `(T,+T4C5k b. 名词性物主代词:mine, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs "~E[)^ANxD 2.3 反身代词(self-pronoun):myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself ()t
p> 2.4 相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other, one another nYWvTvZ 2.5 指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this, that, these, those, such, same ~i@Y|38C 2.6 疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who, whom, whose, which, what Jm|+-
F@I 2.7 关系代词(relative pronoun):who, whom, whose, which, that W-Fu -Cz= 2.8 不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some, something, somebody, someone, any, anything, anybody, anyone, no, nothing, nobody, no one, every, everything, everybody, everyone, each, much, many, little, a little, few, a few, other, another, all, none, one, both, either, neither MWI4Y@1bS !(qsD+ Unit 3 SaC d0. h Text Organization xO1[>W The story took place during 1)______, when a certain store offered puddings for free 2)______. The author suspected that there was someone who would 3)______ this privilege without intention to buy any. And his suspicion was confirmed. There was an old gentleman who had come to the store for the free sampling many times but never bought one. Although he was dressed poorly but 4)______, and his sampling was so sincere that the author couldn't help offering to buy one for him. The old man didn't expect someone was watching him and took the author's kindness as an insult. In order to "save" his 5)______, he immediately poured out all the pennies and shillings he had and bought the 6)______ and 7)______ pudding. That was the 8)________ time he came to that store. 0OT\"O~S[ Exercises about the Text :gerQz4R8 I. Vocabulary: BJgW,huLy 1. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions given below, changing the form where necessary. {n/uh0>f* heavy to one's taste pack select elderly SF}<{x_ pull out in a row sample long for out of place lrWV#`6!+ privilege mistake … for break off take advantage of t|9 GS| 1) This soup is too ______ and salty for a patient. E Q4KV 2) As soon as the man__________ his gun, I knew he was a robber. v^)bhIPe; 3) Diplomats can enjoy some ______ in foreign countries. r|PFw6 4) I am sorry. I ______ you ______ my middle school students. |}{B1A 5) The soldiers stood ______ for the commander's inspection. "z0zpHXek 6) The master of the plantation ______ the best grapes on their vines to make this wine. %1.]c6U 7) The teacher ______ in the middle of a sentence at the shout, "Help!" [zL7Q^~ 8) The shoppers can ______ the cakes before coming to a decision. 1"pI^Ddt 9) Tom ______ his suitcase in a hurry just in time to catch his train. N[<H7_/3 10) We have a variety of stamps for you to choose from. You can select the one which is most ______. JCPUM*g8 11) I didn't expect that ______ lady was our new English teacher. S#-wl2z 12) How I ______ a sunny day after so many rainy days. rQOWLg!" 13) Seeing the prosperous woman stare at my torn handkerchief, I felt ______. ZxG}ViS4I 14) You are shameful to ______ her kindness and generosity. WYIQE$SEv 2. Study the formation of the italicized words and complete the sentences as required. Model: prosperous looking Christmas shoppers m6
MOW& Christmas shoppers who look prosperous i\4hR? the poorly but neatly dressed gentleman j}BHj.YuP the gentleman who was poorly but neatly dressed c
(U pompous looking ill-fitting newspaper reading time consuming "c(Sysl.L newly built soft-spoken strictly controlled much used x
$wd
O 1) Standing before the ______ building, one is belittled. dl5=q\1= 2) Those ______ words really calmed everyone present. TZ;p0^( 3) My advertisement is directed at the ______ citizens. '.Ym!r~wL 4) Try to avoid the ______ words in your composition. v)f7};"z 5) The ______ highway relieved the traffic jams. Fl{WAg 6) All the guests looked surprisedly at the stranger, who was wearing ______ clothes and a big mustache. _Mc>W0'5@ 7) No one would take this ______ job. #hL*rbpT 8) The ______ price of gasoline benefits most of the drivers. maSgRf[g II. Structure: RGD]8mw 1. Complete the sentences after studying the model, using "considering…". Model: Considering his appearance, it was impossible for him to have so much dignity. yg;_.4TpIO 1) (考虑到外面很脏), we had better put all the apple pies in the window cabin for display. !EF(*~r!9L 2) (考虑到他的年龄和健康状况), it was a miracle for him to swim across the English Channel. ekQrW%\3 3) (考虑到他是贡献最多的), he was awarded the highest prize at the end of this season. -DO& | |